Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Definition

An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone that extends up to 200 nautical miles from the coast of a sovereign state. Within this zone, the coastal nation has exclusive rights to explore and exploit marine resources, both in the water column and beneath the ocean floor. The concept is important for establishing maritime boundaries and is governed by principles set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

What is Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

The Exclusive Economic Zone is a crucial area for coastal countries, providing them the jurisdiction to manage and utilize marine resources, such as fish, oil, gas, and minerals, which are found below the sea surface. EEZs are established to prevent conflicts over ocean resources and provide a legal framework for maritime jurisdictions. Countries are responsible for regulating economic activities such as fishing, shipping, and resource extraction within their EEZ while preserving the marine environment.

Establishing an EEZ involves careful mapping and demarcation using geographic information systems (GIS) to ensure that boundaries are well-defined and compliant with international law. GIS technology plays a key role in delineating these zones accurately, taking into consideration various geographical and physical factors that contribute to the legitimate claims of a nation.

FAQs

What is the primary benefit of an EEZ to a country?

The primary benefit of an EEZ is that it grants a country exclusive rights to explore and exploit marine resources within the designated area, promoting economic growth and resource sustainability.

How is an EEZ different from territorial waters?

Territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles from a country's coastline, where the country has full sovereignty. The EEZ extends further, up to 200 nautical miles, allowing for exclusive resource rights, but not full sovereignty.

Can EEZ boundaries overlap between countries?

Yes, EEZ boundaries can overlap when countries are located close to each other. In such cases, boundaries are typically resolved through bilateral agreements or international arbitration to ensure equitable distribution of marine resources.

How are EEZs mapped using GIS?

EEZs are mapped using GIS by integrating satellite imagery, oceanographic data, and legal maritime boundaries. GIS tools help analyze natural features and human factors to delineate accurate and compliant boundaries.

Does the EEZ cover both the water column and the seabed?

Yes, the EEZ encompasses both the water column and the seabed within its limits, granting the coastal state rights to resources found in both areas.