What is the Amazon Basin?
The Amazon Basin is a vast drainage basin covering about 7 million square kilometers (2.7 million square miles). It includes the Amazon River and its many tributaries, making it the largest river basin on Earth. The basin spans multiple countries and plays a crucial role in global water and climate systems.
Where is the Amazon Basin on the map?
The Amazon Basin covers large portions of South America, including:
- Brazil: Home to the majority of the basin and the Amazon River's mouth.
- Peru: The Amazon River originates in the Andes Mountains here.
- Colombia: Contains part of the western Amazon Basin.
- Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana: These countries also contribute to the basin’s hydrology.
Major Rivers in the Amazon Basin
- Amazon River: The second-longest river in the world, spanning over 4,300 miles.
- Negro River: A major tributary known for its dark-colored waters.
- Madeira River: The largest tributary of the Amazon.
- Putumayo River: Forms part of the border between Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
- Tapajós River: Known for its clear waters and sandy beaches.
Hydrology and Climate
The Amazon Basin plays a crucial role in the global water cycle:
- Rainfall: Receives between 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) of rain annually.
- Flood Cycles: The basin experiences extreme seasonal flooding.
- Water Discharge: The Amazon River discharges more water than the next seven largest rivers combined.
Human Settlements
While much of the basin is covered in rainforest, major settlements include:
- Manaus, Brazil: The largest city in the Amazon, known for its port and rubber industry.
- Iquitos, Peru: A major city in the Peruvian Amazon, accessible only by boat or air.
- Leticia, Colombia: A border town serving as an entry point into the Amazon.
FAQs
How big is the Amazon Basin?
It covers about 7 million square kilometers (2.7 million square miles).
What is the difference between the Amazon Basin and the Amazon Rainforest?
The Amazon Basin includes both the rainforest and the river system, whereas the Amazon Rainforest refers specifically to the dense tropical forest.
Why is the Amazon Basin important?
It controls global water cycles, carbon storage, and biodiversity.
